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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">inform</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Информатика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Informatics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-0301</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2617-6963</issn><publisher><publisher-name>UIIP NASB</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">inform-441</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ ПО МАТЕРИАЛАМ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES ON THE MATERIALS CONFERENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Логическая характеризация класса сложности задач, разрешимых вероятностными алгоритмами за полиномиальное время</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Logical characterization of complexity class of problems solvable by probablistic algorithms in polynomial time</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Найденко</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Naidenko</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ведущий научный сотрудник Отдела комбинаторных моделей и алгоритмов, канд. физ-мат. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir G. Naidenko - Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Leading Researcher of the Department of Combinatorial Models and Algorithms.</p><p>11, Surganova Str., 220072, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">naidenko@im.bas-net.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт математики, Национальная академия наук Беларуси</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Mathematics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>09</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>99</fpage><lpage>101</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Найденко В.Г., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Найденко В.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Naidenko V.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://inf.grid.by/jour/article/view/441">https://inf.grid.by/jour/article/view/441</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассмотрена проблема описания класса вычислительной сложности BPP (от англ. bounded-error probablistic polynomial time) в терминах логического языка. BPP представляет собой класс вычислительных проблем в распознавательной постановке, которые эффективно решаются с помощью вероятностных машин Тьюринга за полиномиальное время. Класс BPP имеет важное прикладное значение, поскольку включает в себя самый широкий спектр практических проблем, которые могут быть быстро решены на современных компьютерах. В то же время до сих пор считалось, что BPP невозможно логически охарактеризовать ввиду семантических ограничений, наложенных на вероятностные машины Тьюринга, которые распознают языки в BPP. Используя новый метод характеристических множеств, в работе впервые получена логическая характеризация класса BPP в виде разрешимого фрагмента логики второго порядка.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A problem to describe the complexity class BPP in terms of a logical language is considered. BPP (abbreviation for bounded-error probablistic polynomial time) represents the class of computational decision problems that are efficiently solvable in polynomial time. The class BPP has an important practical significance since as it includes the largest spectrum of applied problems. At the same time till now, it was supposed that BPP cannot be characterized because of semantic constraints imposed on Turing machines recognizing languages in BPP. Using a new method of characteristical sets we are the first to provide a logical characterization of the class BPP as a decidable fragment of the second-order logic.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>теория моделей</kwd><kwd>вычислительная сложность</kwd><kwd>дескриптивная сложность</kwd><kwd>логическая характеризация</kwd><kwd>метод характеристических множеств</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>model theory</kwd><kwd>computational complexity</kwd><kwd>descriptive complexity</kwd><kwd>logical characterization</kwd><kwd>method of characteristic sets</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Институт математики НАН Беларуси</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fagin, R. Generalized first-order spectra and polynomial-time recognizable sets / R. 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