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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">inform</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Информатика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Informatics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-0301</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2617-6963</issn><publisher><publisher-name>UIIP NASB</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37661/1/1816-0301-2026-23-3-24-48</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">inform-1419</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATHEMATICAL MODELING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Совместная оптимизация размещения разнородной зарядной инфраструктуры, маршрутизации разнотипных электробусов и расписаний зарядки</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Joint optimization of heterogeneous charging infrastructure location, heterogeneous electric bus routing and charging scheduling</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1166-2387</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гущинский</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Guschinsky</surname><given-names>N. N .</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гущинский Николай Николаевич , кандидат физико-математических наук, доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>ул. Сурганова, 6, Минск, 220012</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolai N . Guschinsky, Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Assoc. Prof., Leading Researcher</p><p>st. Surganova, 6, Minsk, 220012</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gyshin@newman.bas-net.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0832-0829</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалев</surname><given-names>М. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalyov</surname><given-names>M. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ковалев Михаил Яковлевич , член-корреспондент НАН Беларуси, доктор физико-математических наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник</p><p>ул. Сурганова, 6, Минск, 220012</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail Y. Kovalyov, Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Dr. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Prof., Principal Researcher</p><p>st. Surganova, 6, Minsk, 220012</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kovalyov_my@newman.bas-net.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3814-6569</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Розин</surname><given-names>Б. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rozin</surname><given-names>B. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Розин Борис Матвеевич , кандидат технических наук, доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>ул. Сурганова, 6, Минск, 220012</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Boris M. Rozin, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assoc. Prof., Leading Researcher</p><p>st. Surganova, 6, Minsk, 220012</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rozin@newman.bas-net.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Объединенный институт проблем информатики Национальной академии наук Беларуси</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The United Institute of Informatics Problems of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>24</fpage><lpage>48</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гущинский Н.Н., Ковалев М.Я., Розин Б.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гущинский Н.Н., Ковалев М.Я., Розин Б.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Guschinsky N.N., Kovalyov M.Y., Rozin B.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://inf.grid.by/jour/article/view/1419">https://inf.grid.by/jour/article/view/1419</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цели</title><p>Цели. При замене дизельных автобусов электробусами актуальной является задача выбора состава парка электробусов и назначения электробусам сервисных рейсов из заданного набора, зарядной инфраструктуры и расписаний зарядки. Цель исследования заключается в создании моделей и методов получения экономически эффективных решений этой задачи для разнотипных электробусов и зарядных станций при различных объемах пассажиропотока для разных рейсов. Методы. Используются методы теории множеств, теории графов, исследования операций, математического программирования.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Разработана математическая модель задачи оптимизации парка разнотипных электробусов, их маршрутизации, распределения по депо в начале и конце интервала планирования, определения мест и количества разнотипных зарядных станций на терминалах маршрутов и расписания зарядки. В качестве целевой функции выбраны общие дневные капитальные и операционные затраты на электробусы, зарядные станции и потребленную электроэнергию. Предложена двухуровневая декомпозиционная схема решения задачи, на верхнем уровне которой определяются дневные задания электробусов (назначение разнотипным электробусам последовательностей сервисных рейсов с различным объемом пассажиропотока), а на нижнем распределение электробусов по депо, размещение зарядных станций на терминалах маршрутов и расписания зарядки электробусов при фиксированном назначении на рейсы. Для решения подзадачи верхнего уровня предложен эвристический алгоритм локального поиска, для подзадачи нижнего уровня разработана модель смешанного целочисленного линейного программирования. Заключение. Решение подзадачи верхнего уровня заключается в выборе назначения электробусов различных типов на сервисные рейсы с разным объемом пассажиропотока. Для решения сформулированной подзадачи нижнего уровня можно использовать стандартные решатели, например Gurobi Optimizer.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Objectives. When replacing diesel buses with electric buses, the problem of selecting the composition of the electric bus fleet, assigning service trips from a given set to electric buses, and determining charging infrastructure and charging schedules becomes relevant. The aim of the study is to create models and methods for obtaining cost-effective solutions to this problem for heterogeneous electric buses and charging stations under different passenger flow volumes for different trips.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. Methods of set theory, graph theory, operations research, and mathematical programming are used.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A mathematical model has been developed for the problem of optimizing a fleet of various-type electric buses, their routing, assignment to depots at the beginning and end of the planning interval, determination of the locations and number of charging stations of different types at route terminals, and charging schedules. The objective function is the total daily capital and operating costs of electric buses, charging stations, and consumed electricity. A two-level decomposition scheme for solving the problem is proposed, at the upper level of which daily assignments for electric buses are determined (assigning different types of electric buses to service trip sequences with varying passenger volumes). The lower level distributes electric buses among depots, locates charging stations at route terminals, and determines charging schedules for electric buses with fixed trip assignments. A heuristic local search algorithm is proposed for solving the upper-level subproblem, and a mixed integer linear programming model is developed for the lower-level subproblem.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The solution to the upper-level subproblem consists of assigning different types of electric buses to service trips with varying passenger volumes. Standard solvers, such as Gurobi Optimizer, can be used to solve the formulated lower-level subproblem.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>электробус</kwd><kwd>аккумуляторная батарея</kwd><kwd>станция зарядки</kwd><kwd>оптимизация</kwd><kwd>смешанное целочисленное линейное программирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>electric bus</kwd><kwd>battery</kwd><kwd>charging station</kwd><kwd>optimization</kwd><kwd>mixed integer linear programming</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнялось при частичной поддержке проекта БРФФИ № Ф26КИ-018 «Методы искусственного интеллекта при построении расписаний для современного производства, логистики и электротранспорта».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was carried out with partial support from the Project of BRFFR № Ф26КИ-018 "Artificial intelligence methods of scheduling for modern manufacturing, logistics, and electric transport".</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dirks, N. 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