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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">inform</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Информатика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Informatics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-0301</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2617-6963</issn><publisher><publisher-name>UIIP NASB</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37661/1816-0301-2026-23-1-7-25</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">inform-1387</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LOGICAL DESIGN</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Итерационный метод двухмерного масштабирования управляемых вероятностных тестов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>An iterative method for two-dimensional scaling of controlled random tests</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ярмолик</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yarmolik</surname><given-names>Vyacheslav N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ярмолик Вячеслав Николаевич, доктор технических наук, профессор</p><p>ул. П. Бровки, 6, Минск, 220013</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vyacheslav N. Yarmolik, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Prof.</p><p>st. P. Brovki, 6, Minsk, 220013</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yarmolik10ru@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мрозек</surname><given-names>И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mrozek</surname><given-names>Ireneusz</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мрозек Иренеуш, доктор, профессор</p><p>ул. Вейска, 45A, 15-351, Белосток</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ireneusz Mrozek, Dr., Prof.</p><p>Wiejska, 45A, 15-351, Białystok</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">i.mrozek@pb.edu.pl</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бранцевич</surname><given-names>П. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Brancevich</surname><given-names>Pеtеr Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бранцевич Петр Юльянович, доктор технических наук, профессор</p><p>ул. П. Бровки, 6, Минск, 220013</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Peter Yu. Brancevich, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Prof.</p><p>st. P. Brovki, 6, Minsk, 220013</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">branc@bsuir.edu.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Белорусский государственный университет информатики и радиоэлектроники</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Белостокский технический университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bialystok University of Technology</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>25</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ярмолик В.Н., Мрозек И., Бранцевич П.Ю., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ярмолик В.Н., Мрозек И., Бранцевич П.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yarmolik V.N., Mrozek I., Brancevich P.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://inf.grid.by/jour/article/view/1387">https://inf.grid.by/jour/article/view/1387</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цели</title><p>Цели. Целями работы являются исследование ограниченности применения классических подходов генерирования тестовых наборов для управляемых вероятностных тестов, основанных на перечислении кандидатов в тестовые наборы путем их одномерного масштабирования, а также решение задачи построения управляемых вероятностных тестов на основе итерационного метода двухмерного масштабирования исходных шаблонов. Главной целью настоящей статьи является разработка метода построения тестов на базе исходных шаблонов и их расширения до требуемых разрядности и количества тестовых наборов с помощью применения итерационной процедуры.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Для двухмерного масштабирования исходных шаблонов с заданными характеристиками используются масштабирующие матрицы, которыми, так же как и шаблоны, могут быть управляемые вероятностные тесты. При проведении экспериментальных исследований применялся метод статистических испытаний.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Показано, что методы построения управляемых вероятностных тестов, основанные на использовании шаблонов, можно рассматривать как процедуру масштабирования управляемых вероятностных тестов до требуемой их разрядности. Для построения искомых тестов применяются как шаблоны, характеризующиеся минимальной разрядностью тестовых наборов, так и любые управляемые вероятностные тесты. Подобная процедура позволяет увеличивать разрядность тестовых наборов, но сохраняет их количество. Одновременное увеличение разрядности наборов и их количества достигается с помощью предлагаемого подхода, основанного на итерационном двухмерном масштабировании шаблонов с применением масштабирующих матриц. В этом случае результирующие управляемые вероятностные тесты формируются без использования трудоемкой процедуры перечисления кандидатов в тестовые наборы и вычисления для них значений меры (мер) различия. Приведены зависимости основных характеристик результирующего управляемого вероятностного теста от характеристик шаблона и масштабирующей матрицы, которая, так же как и шаблон, может представлять собой управляемый вероятностный тест. Доказано утверждение, которое определяет зависимость характеристик теста, формируемого на k-й итерации, от значений характеристик теста, полученного на (k–1)-й итерации, и масштабирующего теста. Представлены практически полезные следствия и свойства тестов, построенных на основании предложенной процедуры. Работоспособность и эффективность итерационного метода построения управляемых вероятностных тестов оценены для случая двоичных тестовых наборов. Показано, что управляемые вероятностные тесты, построенные с применением рассмотренной процедуры, имеют заметно большие значения расстояний Хэмминга по сравнению с вероятностными тестами.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Рассмотрен итерационный метод формирования управляемых вероятностных тестов путем их двухмерного масштабирования. Основой предложенного метода является использование исходных шаблонов и масштабирующих матриц, которые представляют собой управляемые вероятностные тесты с малым количеством тестовых наборов и небольшой их разрядностью. Показано, что использование различных шаблонов и их двухмерного масштабирования позволяет строить управляемые вероятностные тесты с требуемой разрядностью тестовых наборов и бо́льшим их количеством.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Objectives. To study the limitations of classical approaches to generating test patterns for controlled random tests based on enumerating test set candidates through their one-dimensional scaling. To address the problem of constructing controlled random tests using an iterative method for two-dimensional scaling of initial templates. The main goal of the article is to develop a method for constructing tests based on initial templates and expanding them to the required bit size and number of test patterns using an iterative procedure.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. For two-dimensional scaling of initial templates with given characteristics, scaling matrices are used, which, like templates, can also be controlled random tests. Statistical testing method was used during the experimental research.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. It is shown that methods for constructing controlled random tests based on the use of templates can be considered as a procedure for scaling controlled random tests to the required bit size. To construct the desired tests, both templates characterized by a minimum test suite capacity and any controllable random tests are used. This procedure allows increasing the test suite capacity while maintaining the number of their patterns. A simultaneous increase in the suite capacity and their number is achieved using the proposed approach, which is based on iterative two-dimensional scaling of templates using scaling matrices. In this case, the resulting controllable random tests are generated without the labor-intensive procedure of listing candidate test suites and calculating the difference measure(s) for them. The dependences of the main characteristics of the resulting controllable random test on the characteristics of the template and the scaling matrix are presented, which, like a template, can also represent a controllable random test. A statement is proved that determines the dependence of the characteristics of the test generated at the k-th iteration on the values of the characteristics of the test obtained at the (k–1)-th iteration and the scaling test. Useful consequences and properties of tests constructed based on the proposed procedure are presented. The performance and effectiveness of an iterative method for constructing controlled random tests are demonstrated and evaluated for binary test sets. It is shown that controlled random tests constructed using the discussed procedure have significantly larger Hamming distances compared to random tests.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. An iterative method for constructing controlled random tests through two-dimensional scaling is considered. The basis of the proposed method is the use of initial templates and scaling matrices, which represent controlled random tests with a small number of test sets and a small bit size. It is shown that the use of various templates and their two-dimensional scaling allows for the construction of controlled random tests with the required bit size and a large number of test patterns.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>техническая диагностика</kwd><kwd>управляемые вероятностные тесты</kwd><kwd>двоичный тестовый набор</kwd><kwd>мера различия символьных наборов</kwd><kwd>расстояние Хэмминга</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>technical diagnostics</kwd><kwd>controlled random tests</kwd><kwd>binary test pattern</kwd><kwd>difference measure of symbol patterns</kwd><kwd>Hamming distance</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ledin, J. Modern Computer Architecture and Organization / J. Ledin. – Birmingham : Packt Publishing Ltd., 2020. – 536 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ledin J. 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