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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">inform</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Информатика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Informatics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-0301</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2617-6963</issn><publisher><publisher-name>UIIP NASB</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37661/1816-0301-2025-22-4-82-93</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">inform-1383</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LOGICAL DESIGN</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Распознавание подсхем трехстабильных элементов в КМОП СБИС</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Recognition of Subcircuits of Tristable Elements in CMOS VLSI</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черемисинова</surname><given-names>Л. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cheremisinova</surname><given-names>Ljudmila D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Черемисинова Людмила Дмитриевна, доктор технических наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник,</p><p>ул. Сурганова, 6, Минск, 220012.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ljudmila D. Cheremisinova, D. Sc. (Eng.), Prof., Chief Researcher, </p><p>6, Surganova st., Minsk, 220012.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cld@newman.bas-net.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Объединенный институт проблем информатики Национальной академии наук Беларуси</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The United Institute of Informatics Problems of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>82</fpage><lpage>93</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Черемисинова Л.Д., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Черемисинова Л.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Cheremisinova L.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://inf.grid.by/jour/article/view/1383">https://inf.grid.by/jour/article/view/1383</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цели</title><p>Цели. Рассматривается проблема экстракции высокоуровневой структуры на уровне логических элементов из схемы на транзисторном уровне. Получение такого представления существенно снижает время выполнения верификации топологии СБИС на стадии ее проектирования и служит основой для перепроектирования интегральных схем. Целью исследования является разработка метода и программных средств выделения в КМОП-схемах блоков, представляющих трехстабильные элементы.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Предлагаются методы распознавания подсхем, представляющих собой элементы с тремя состояниями, в частности трехстабильные инверторы. Задача сводится к поиску сначала КМОП-подсхем и подсхем передаточных элементов, а затем структур инверторов на их основе.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Разработаны программы на языке C++, реализующие методы извлечения элементов с тремя состояниями в плоском SPICE-описании транзисторной схемы и включения описаний соответствующих им блоков в иерархическое описание генерируемой логической сети.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Разработанные программы поиска трехстабильных инверторов  включены в программу декомпиляции транзисторных КМОП-схем и протестированы в ее составе на практических примерах схем транзисторного уровня.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Objectives. The problem of extracting high-level structure at the level of logical elements from a  transistor-level circuit is considered. Obtaining such a representation significantly reduces the execution time of VLSI topology verification at the design stage and serves as the basis for integrated circuit redesign. The goal of the study is to develop a method and software tools for extracting blocks representing tristable elements in CMOS  circuits.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. Methods for recognizing subcircuits representing tri-state elements, in particular tristable inverters, are proposed. The task is reduced to first searching for CMOS subcircuits and transmission gates subcircuits, and then for inverter structures based on them.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. C++ programs have been developed that implement methods for extracting three-state elements from a flat SPICE description of a transistor circuit and including descriptions of the corresponding blocks in the  hierarchical description of the generated logical network.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The developed programs for searching the tristable inverters are included in the program for  decompiling transistor CMOS circuits and tested as part of it on practical examples of transistor-level circuits. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>обратное проектирование</kwd><kwd>экстракция транзисторных подсхем</kwd><kwd>КМОП-схема</kwd><kwd>проходная транзисторная логика</kwd><kwd>формат SPICE</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>reverse engineering</kwd><kwd>transistor subcircuit extraction</kwd><kwd>CMOS circuit</kwd><kwd>pass transistor logic</kwd><kwd>SPICE  format</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baker, R. J. CMOS Circuit Design, Layout, and Simulation / R. J. Baker. – Third ed. – Wiley-IEEE Press, 2010. – 1214 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baker R. J. 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