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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">inform</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Информатика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Informatics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-0301</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2617-6963</issn><publisher><publisher-name>UIIP NASB</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37661/1816-0301-2025-22-4-7-23</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">inform-1368</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATHEMATICAL MODELING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>О совместной оптимизации размещения зарядных станций, маршрутизации электробусов и расписаний зарядки</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>On the joint optimization of charging stations location, electric bus routing and charging scheduling</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1166-2387</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гущинский</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Guschinsky</surname><given-names>Nikolai N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гущинский Николай Николаевич, кандидат физико-математических наук, доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник, </p><p>ул. Сурганова, 6, Минск, 220012.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolai N. Guschinsky, Ph. D. (Phys.-Math.), Assoc. Prof., Leading Researcher, </p><p>st. Surganova, 6, Minsk, 220012.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gyshin@newman.bas-net.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0832-0829</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалев</surname><given-names>М. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalyov</surname><given-names>Mikhail Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ковалев Михаил Яковлевич, доктор физико-математических наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник,  </p><p>ул. Сурганова, 6, Минск, 220012.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail Y. Kovalyov, D. Sc. (Phys.-Math.), Prof.,  Principal Researcher,</p><p>st. Surganova, 6, Minsk, 220012.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kovalyov_my@newman.bas-net.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3814-6569</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Розин</surname><given-names>Б. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rozin</surname><given-names>Boris M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Розин Борис Матвеевич, кандидат технических наук, доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник, </p><p>ул. Сурганова, 6, Минск, 220012.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Boris M. Rozin, Ph. D. (Eng.), Assoc. Prof., Leading Researcher, </p><p>st. Surganova, 6, Minsk, 220012.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rozin@newman.bas-net.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Объединенный институт проблем информатики Национальной академии наук Беларуси</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The United Institute of  Informatics Problems of the National Academy of  Sciences of Belarus</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>23</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гущинский Н.Н., Ковалев М.Я., Розин Б.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гущинский Н.Н., Ковалев М.Я., Розин Б.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Guschinsky N.N., Kovalyov M.Y., Rozin B.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://inf.grid.by/jour/article/view/1368">https://inf.grid.by/jour/article/view/1368</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цели</title><p>Цели. При замене парка дизельных автобусов парком электробусов актуальной является задача планирования состава парка, зарядной инфраструктуры, ориентированной на быструю подзарядку на терминалах маршрутов, и расписаний зарядки электробусов.  Цель исследования заключается в создании моделей и методов выработки экономически эффективных решений по выбору парка электробусов, зарядной инфраструктуры такого типа с учетом ряда специфических условий. Функционирование парка и зарядной инфраструктуры моделируется для терминалов маршрутов в представительном интервале дня, характеризующемся наибольшей интенсивностью пассажиропотока и максимальным расходом электроэнергии.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Используются методы теории множеств, теории графов, математического программирования.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Разработана математическая модель задачи оптимизации однородного парка электробусов, назначения электробусам сервисных рейсов, размещения и количеств зарядных станций быстрой зарядки на терминалах маршрутов и расписания зарядки на них электробусов. В качестве целевой функции выбрана суммарная дневная стоимость электробусов, зарядных станций и потребленной электроэнергии. Предложена двухуровневая декомпозиционная схема решения задачи, на верхнем уровне которой осуществляется выбор назначения электробусов на сервисные рейсы из заданного набора, а на нижнем определяется инфраструктура однородных зарядных станций терминалов и расписания зарядки на них электробусов при фиксированном назначении электробусам сервисных рейсов. Для решения подзадачи верхнего уровня предложен эвристический рандомизированный алгоритм, для подзадачи нижнего уровня разработана модель смешанного целочисленного линейного программирования.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение.  Решение подзадачи верхнего уровня заключается в выборе назначения электробусов на сервисные рейсы из заданного набора. Для решения сформулированной подзадачи нижнего уровня могут использоваться стандартные решатели типа IBM ILOG CPLEX, Gurobi Optimizer.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Objectives. When replacing a fleet of diesel buses with a fleet of electric buses, the problem of planning the fleet composition, charging infrastructure oriented towards fast recharging at route terminals, and electric bus charging schedules is relevant. The purpose of the study is to develop models and methods for elaboration of cost-effective solutions for selecting a fleet of electric buses, charging infrastructure of this type, taking into  account a number of specific conditions. The functioning of the fleet and charging infrastructure is modeled for route terminals during the most representative period of the day, characterized by the highest passenger flow intensity and maximum energy consumption.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. Methods of set theory, graph theory and mathematical programing are used. </p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A mathematical model has been developed for the optimization problem of a homogeneous electric bus fleet, assignment of service trips to electric buses, location and quantity of fast charging stations at route terminals, and a schedule for charging electric buses on them. The total daily cost of electric buses, charging stations, and consumed electricity has been selected as the objective function. A two-level decomposition scheme for solving the problem has been proposed, at the upper level of which the assignment of electric buses to service trips from a given set is selected, and at the lower level, the infrastructure of homogeneous charging stations of terminals and the charging schedules of electric buses on them are determined with a fixed  assignment of service trips to electric buses. A heuristic randomized algorithm has been proposed to solve the upper-level subproblem, and a mixed integer linear programming model has been developed for the lower-level subproblem.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The solution to the upper-level subproblem consists of selecting the assignment of electric buses to service trips from a given set. Standard solvers such as IBM ILOG CPLEX, Gurobi Optimizer can be used to solve the formulated lower-level subproblem. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>электробус</kwd><kwd>аккумуляторная батарея</kwd><kwd>станция зарядки</kwd><kwd>оптимизация</kwd><kwd>смешанное целочисленное линейное программирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>electric bus</kwd><kwd>battery</kwd><kwd>charging station</kwd><kwd>optimization</kwd><kwd>mixed integer linear programming</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнялось в рамках проекта «Модели и методы для систем поддержки принятия решений при проектировании, планировании и управлении высокотехнологичными, роботизированными производствами и электротранспортом» программы ГПНИ «Цифровые и космические технологии, безопасность человека, общества и государства».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out within the Project "Models and methods for decision support systems in the design, planning and management of high-tech, robotic production and electric transport" in frames of the State research program "Digital and space technologies, human, society and state safety".</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dirks N., Schiffer M., Walther G. 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