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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">inform</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Информатика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Informatics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-0301</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2617-6963</issn><publisher><publisher-name>UIIP NASB</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37661/1816-0301-2025-22-1-7-26</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">inform-1316</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LOGICAL DESIGN</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Управляемые вероятностные тесты с ограниченным значением расстояния Хэмминга</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Controlled random tests with limited Hamming distance</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ярмолик</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yarmolik</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ярмолик Вячеслав Николаевич - доктор технических наук, профессор.</p><p>Ул. П. Бровки, 6, Минск, 220013</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vyacheslav N. Yarmolik - D. Sc. (Eng.), Prof..</p><p>St. P. Brovki, 6, Minsk, 220013</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yarmolik10ru@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петровская</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrovskaya</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петровская Вита Владленовна - магистр технических наук.</p><p>Ул. П. Бровки, 6, Минск, 220013</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vita V. Petrovskaya - M. Sc. (Eng.).</p><p>St. P. Brovki, 6, Minsk, 220013</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vita.petrovskaya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Деменковец</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demenkovets</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Деменковец Денис Викторович - магистр технических наук.</p><p>Ул. П. Бровки, 6, Минск, 220013</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis V. Demenkovets - M. Sc. (Eng.).</p><p>St. P. Brovki, 6, Minsk, 220013</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Demenkovets@bsuir.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Леванцевич</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Levantsevich</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Леванцевич Владимир Александрович, магистр технических наук.</p><p>Ул. П. Бровки, 6, Минск, 220013</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimer A. Levantsevich - M. Sc. (Eng.).</p><p>St. P. Brovki, 6, Minsk, 220013</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lvn@bsuir.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Белорусский государственный университет информатики и радиоэлектроники</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>26</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ярмолик В.Н., Петровская В.В., Деменковец Д.В., Леванцевич В.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ярмолик В.Н., Петровская В.В., Деменковец Д.В., Леванцевич В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yarmolik V.N., Petrovskaya V.V., Demenkovets D.V., Levantsevich V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://inf.grid.by/jour/article/view/1316">https://inf.grid.by/jour/article/view/1316</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цели</title><p>Цели. Решается задача построения управляемых вероятностных тестов с фиксированным минимальным расстоянием Хэмминга. Показывается ограниченность применения классических подходов генерирования тестовых наборов, основанных на перечислении кандидатов в тестовые наборы. С повышением пороговых значений мер различия двоичных тестовых наборов увеличивается вычислительная сложность построения таких тестов. Главной целью настоящей статьи является развитие методов построения тестов на базе исходных шаблонов и правил их расширения до требуемой разрядности.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. На базе расстояния Хэмминга, используемого в теории и практике формирования управляемых вероятностных тестов, рассматриваются новые меры различия для сравнения двух двоичных тестовых наборов. Основой предлагаемых мер различия является формирование множества расстояний Хэмминга для исходных наборов, представляемых в виде последовательностей символов различных алфавитов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Показывается неразличимость пар двоичных тестовых наборов при использовании меры различия, основанной на применении расстояния Хэмминга. В этом случае отличающиеся пары наборов могут иметь совпадающие значения расстояния Хэмминга. Рассматриваются новые меры различия двоичных тестовых последовательностей, которые основаны на их представлении в виде последовательностей, состоящих из символов различных алфавитов. В качестве альтернативы известным решениям предлагается подход, базирующийся на увеличении числа тестовых наборов в тесте при сохранении величины минимального значения расстояния Хэмминга между наборами на приемлемом уровне. Главной особенностью предлагаемого подхода является применение предложенной авторами меры различия, основанной на определении расстояния Хэмминга для тестовых наборов, состоящих из символов различных алфавитов. Показано, что достижение максимального значения расстояния Хэмминга для наборов, представленных большим количеством двоичных символов, обеспечивает такое же значение расстояния для случая, когда символы задаются меньшим числом бит. Это позволяет строить управляемые вероятностные тесты без процедуры перечисления кандидатов в тестовые наборы.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Рассмотренные меры различия расширяют возможности генерирования тестовых наборов при формировании управляемых вероятностных тестов. Показывается, что использование различных шаблонов и применяемых к ним правил позволяет строить тесты с фиксированным минимальным расстоянием Хэмминга и требуемой разрядностью тестовых наборов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Objectives. The problem of constructing controlled random tests with a fixed minimum Hamming distance is solved. The limitations of classical approaches to generating test patterns based on enumeration of test pattern candidates are shown. With an increase in the threshold values of the difference measures of binary test patterns, the computational complexity of constructing such tests increases. The main goal of this article is to develop methods for constructing tests based on initial templates and rules for expanding them to the required bit size.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. Based on the Hamming distance used in the theory and practice of forming controlled random tests, new measures of difference are considered for comparing two binary test patterns. The basis of the proposed measures of difference is the formation of a set of Hamming distances for the original patterns, represented as sequences of symbols of different alphabets.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The paper demonstrates the indistinguishability of pairs of binary test patterns using a difference measure based on the Hamming distance. In this case, different pairs of patterns may have coinciding Hamming distance values. New measures of difference for binary test sequences based on their representation as sequences consisting of symbols of different alphabets are considered. As an alternative to known solutions, an approach is proposed based on increasing the number of test patterns in a test while maintaining the minimum Hamming distance between patterns at an acceptable level. The main feature of the proposed approach is the use of the difference measure proposed by the authors based on determining the Hamming distance for test patterns consisting of symbols of different alphabets. It is shown that achieving the maximum Hamming distance value for patterns represented by a large number of binary symbols ensures the same distance value for the case when the symbols are specified by a smaller number of bits. This allows one to construct controlled random tests without the procedure of listing candidates for test patterns.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The considered measures of difference expand the possibilities of generating test patterns when forming controlled random tests. It is shown that the use of various templates and rules applied to them allows constructing tests with a fixed minimum Hamming distance and the required bit size of test patterns.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тестовое диагностирование</kwd><kwd>управляемые вероятностные тесты</kwd><kwd>двоичный тестовый набор</kwd><kwd>мера различия символьных наборов</kwd><kwd>расстояние Хэмминга</kwd><kwd>кодочувствительные неисправности</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>test diagnostics</kwd><kwd>controlled random tests</kwd><kwd>binary test patterns</kwd><kwd>character patterns difference measure</kwd><kwd>Hamming distance</kwd><kwd>pattern-sensitive faults</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Orso, A. Software testing: A research travelogue (2000–2014) / A. Orso, G. 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