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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">inform</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Информатика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Informatics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-0301</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2617-6963</issn><publisher><publisher-name>UIIP NASB</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37661/1816-0301-2024-21-4-72-84</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">inform-1315</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБРАБОТКА СИГНАЛОВ, ИЗОБРАЖЕНИЙ, РЕЧИ, ТЕКСТА И РАСПОЗНАВАНИЕ ОБРАЗОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SIGNAL, IMAGE, SPEECH, TEXT PROCESSING AND PATTERN RECOGNITION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Верификация нормализованных онлайн-подписей без вычисления динамических признаков</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Verification of normalized online signatures without calculating dynamic features</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Старовойтов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Starovoitov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Старовойтов Валерий Васильевич, доктор технических наук, профессор</p><p>ул. Сурганова, 6, Минск, 220012</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valery V. Starovoitov, D. Sc. (Eng.), Prof.</p><p>st. Surganova, 6, Minsk, 220012</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">valerys@newman.bas-net.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Объединенный институт проблем информатики Национальной академии наук Беларуси</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The United Institute of Informatics Problems of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>72</fpage><lpage>84</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Старовойтов В.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Старовойтов В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Starovoitov V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://inf.grid.by/jour/article/view/1315">https://inf.grid.by/jour/article/view/1315</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цели</title><p>Цели. Целью работы является исследование метода проверки подлинности подписи человека, выполненной на планшете стилусом и заданной тремя параметрами: координатами X, Y и давлением на планшет P.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Даны N подлинных динамических подписей человека. Данные, описывающие разные подписи, сделанные одним человеком, всегда имеют разное число точек. Исследованы основные варианты нормализации исходных данных подписей. По заданным подписям, которые называются модельными, строится индивидуальный образ подписей человека без вычисления динамических признаков. Для сравнения однотипных данных разных подписей используется метод динамической трансформации временно й шкалы (Dynamic Time Warping, DTW). Результатами этого преобразования являются расстояния DTW между параметрами пар подписей. Данные расстояния служат координатами точки в трехмерном признаковом пространстве, описывающей сходство пары подписей. Множество таких точек формирует образ подлинной подписи человека. Параметры верифицируемой подписи в паре с каждой из N подлинных, использованных для построения образа, сравниваются на предмет близости к этому образу. Если более N/2 таких пар отстоит от образа подписи дальше определенного порога T, подпись считает фальшивой, иначе – подлинной.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. По итогам сравнительных экспериментов найден вариант нормализации исходных данных динамических подписей человека, позволяющий выполнять верификации таких подписей без использования дополнительных признаков, обычно вычисляемых по исходным данным X, Y, P.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Эксперименты по формированию индивидуальных образов подписей каждого из 230 человек из общедоступной базы динамических подписей MCYT (подмножество базы DeepSignDB) и проверке подлинности 11 500 подписей, выполненных от имени этих людей, показали точность верификации 99,82 %. Из них половина подписей были подлинными, половина поддельными.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Objectives. Study of the method of verification of the authenticity of a human signature made on a tablet with a stylus and given three parameters: coordinates X, Y and pressure on the tablet P.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. N genuine dynamic human signatures are given. Data describing different signatures made by one person always have a different number of points. The main variants of normalization of the original signature data are investigated. A model of an individual image of human signatures is built without calculating dynamic features. The method of dynamic time transformation (DTW) is used to compare similar data of different signatures. The results of this transformation are DTW-distances between the data of pairs of signatures. These distances serve as coordinates of a point in the feature space describing the similarity of a pair of signatures. A set of such points represents a model describing the similarity of genuine human signatures. The parameters of the signature being verified are compared with each of the N authentic signatures used to build the model for their proximity to the model. If more than half of these pairs are further from the model than a certain threshold T, the signature is considered fake.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. As a result of comparative experiments, a variant of normalization of initial data of dynamic human signatures was found, which allows verification of such signatures without calculating additional features usually calculated from the initial data X, Y, P.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Experiments to generate individual signature models for each of 230 people from the publicly available MCYT dynamic signature database (a subset of the DeepSignDB database) and verify the authenticity of 11,500 signatures made on behalf of these people showed a verification accuracy of 99.82 %. Half of them were genuine, half were fake.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>верификация</kwd><kwd>динамическая подпись</kwd><kwd>преобразование DTW</kwd><kwd>нормализация параметров</kwd><kwd>признаковое пространство</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>verification</kwd><kwd>dynamic signature</kwd><kwd>transformation DTW</kwd><kwd>parameter normalization</kwd><kwd>feature space</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaur, H. Signature identification and verification techniques: state-of-the-art work / H. Kaur, M. 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