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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">inform</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Информатика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Informatics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-0301</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2617-6963</issn><publisher><publisher-name>UIIP NASB</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37661/1816-0301-2024-21-3-63-79</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">inform-1308</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гибридный контроль дефектов печатных плат</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hybrid inspection of printed board defects</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Венгеренко</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vengerenko</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Венгеренко Вадим Владимирович, магистр, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории идентификации систем</p><p>ул. Сурганова, 6, Минск, 220012</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vadim V. Vengerenko, Master, Junior Researcher of the Laboratory of System Identification</p><p>st. Surganova, 6, Minsk, 220012</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vengerenko@lsi.bas-net.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Инютин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Inyutin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Инютин Александр Владимирович, заведующий лабораторией идентификации систем</p><p>ул. Сурганова, 6, Минск, 220012</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander V. Inyutin, Head of the Laboratory of System Identification</p><p>st. Surganova, 6, Minsk, 220012</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">avin@newman.bas-net.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Объединенный институт проблем информатики Национальной академии наук Беларуси</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The United Institute of Informatics Problems of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>63</fpage><lpage>79</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Венгеренко В.В., Инютин А.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Венгеренко В.В., Инютин А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vengerenko V.V., Inyutin A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://inf.grid.by/jour/article/view/1308">https://inf.grid.by/jour/article/view/1308</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цели</title><p>Цели. Предлагается гибридный подход к задаче поиска и классификации дефектов печатных плат. Рассмотрены ключевые факторы и тенденции в проектировании и производстве печатных плат. Актуальность исследования определяется использованием новых материалов и технологий производства.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Для решения поставленной задачи применяется гибридный подход, основанный на алгоритме сравнения с эталоном и использовании семейства нейросетевых моделей обнаружения объектов YOLO.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Проведено обучение моделей на публичных наборах изображений печатных плат с шестью классами дефектов, выполнена оценка точности общепринятыми метриками.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Эксперименты показали, что нейросетевая архитектура YOLOv8 имеет высокую точность детекции дефектов, низкую чувствительность к качеству изображений, наличию надписей и графических объектов на печатной плате, но низкое качество обучающих выборок накладывает ограничения на использование только нейронных сетей для поиска дефектов. Предлагается гибридный подход для повышения качества контроля дефектов за счет применения разных методов в зависимости от оценки качества анализируемых изображений.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Objectives. A hybrid approach to the problem of searching and classifying defects in printed circuit boards (PCB) is proposed. Key factors and trends in the design and production of PCBs are considered. The relevance of the study is determined by the use of new materials and production technologies.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. A hybrid approach based on the algorithm of comparison with reference and the use of the YOLO family of neural network models for detecting objects is used to solve the problem.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Models were trained on public sets of PCB images with six classes of defects, and their accuracy was assessed using generally accepted metrics.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Experiments have shown that the YOLOv8 neural network architecture has high accuracy of defect detection, low sensitivity to image quality, presence of text and graphic objects on the PCB, but the low quality of training datasets imposes restrictions on the use of only neural networks for defect detection. It is proposed to use a hybrid approach to improve the quality of defect inspection by applying different methods depending on the quality assessment of the analyzed images.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>математическая морфология</kwd><kwd>контроль дефектов</kwd><kwd>печатные платы</kwd><kwd>детекторы объектов</kwd><kwd>ограничивающие прямоугольники</kwd><kwd>нейронные сети</kwd><kwd>сравнение с эталоном</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mathematical morphology</kwd><kwd>inspection of defects</kwd><kwd>printed circuit boards</kwd><kwd>object detection</kwd><kwd>bounding boxes</kwd><kwd>neural networks</kwd><kwd>comparison with reference</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Карпов, С. Прецизионный контроль печатных плат. Что это? / С. 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