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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">inform</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Информатика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Informatics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-0301</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2617-6963</issn><publisher><publisher-name>UIIP NASB</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37661/1816-0301-2022-19-4-7-26</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">inform-1236</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LOGICAL DESIGN</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Мера различия для тестовых наборов при генерировании управляемых вероятностных тестов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>A measure of the difference between test sets for generating controlled random tests</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ярмолик</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yarmolik</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ярмолик Вячеслав Николаевич, доктор технических наук, профессор</p><p>ул. П. Бровки, 6, Минск, 220013</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vyacheslav N. Yarmolik, D. Sc. (Eng.), Professor</p><p>st. P. Brovki, 6, Minsk, 220013</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yarmolik10ru@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петровская</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrovskaya</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петровская Вита Владленовна, магистр технических наук</p><p>ул. П. Бровки, 6, Минск, 220013</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vita V. Petrovskaya, M. Sc. (Eng.)</p><p>st. P. Brovki, 6, Minsk, 220013</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vita.petrovskaya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мрозек</surname><given-names>И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mrozek</surname><given-names>I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мрозек Иренеуш, доктор, адъюнкт</p><p>ул. Вейска, 45A, 15-351, Белосток</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ireneusz Mrozek, D. Sc., Lecture</p><p>Wiejska, 45A, 15-351, Białystok</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">i.mrozek@pb.edu.pl</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Белорусский государственный университет информатики и радиоэлектроники</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Белостоцкий технический университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bialystok University of Technology</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>26</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ярмолик В.Н., Петровская В.В., Мрозек И., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ярмолик В.Н., Петровская В.В., Мрозек И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yarmolik V.N., Petrovskaya V.V., Mrozek I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://inf.grid.by/jour/article/view/1236">https://inf.grid.by/jour/article/view/1236</self-uri><abstract><p>Цели. Решается задача построения характеристик различия тестовых наборов, представляющих собой наборы символов, включая двоичные наборы. Обосновывается ее актуальность для генерирования управляемых вероятностных тестов и сложность нахождения мер различия для символьных тестов. Показывается ограниченность применения расстояния Хэмминга и Дамерау – Левенштейна для получения меры различия тестовых наборов.Методы. На основе характеристики интервала, применяемого в теории строя цепи последовательных событий, определяется новая мера различия двух символьных тестовых наборов. В качестве меры различия рассчитывается расстояние AD(Ti, Tk) между тестовыми наборами Ti и Tk, использующее характеристику интервала и основанное на определении независимых пар одинаковых (тождественных) символов, принадлежащих двум наборам, и вычислении интервалов между ними.Результаты . Показывается комбинаторный характер вычисления предложенной меры различия для символьных тестовых наборов произвольного алфавита и размерности. Приводится пример вычисления данной меры для различных видов тестовых наборов, в том числе таких, как адресные тестовые наборы. Показываются возможные ее модификации и определяются некоторые свойства и ограничения. Рассматривается применение данной меры различия для случая многократного тестирования запоминающих устройств на основе адресных последовательностей pA с четным p повторением адресов. Для случая p = 2 приводятся математические соотношения вычисления интервалов и расстояния AD(Ti, Tk) для последовательностей адресов 2A, используемых для управляемого вероятностного тестирования запоминающих устройств. Основное внимание уделяется двоичным тестовым наборам, для которых задача вычисления данной метрики различия сводится к классической задаче о назначениях с использованием венгерского алгоритма. Вычислительная сложность венгерского алгоритма оценивается соотношением O(n4). Как альтернатива венгерскому алгоритму предлагается алгоритм вычисления рассматриваемой меры, сложность которого существенно меньше и имеет оценку O(n2). Проведенные экспериментальные исследования подтверждают эффективность рассмотренного алгоритма.Заключение. Предложенная мера различия расширяет возможности генерирования тестовых последовательностей при генерировании управляемых вероятностных тестов. Показано, что тестовые наборы, неразличимые при использовании в качестве меры различия расстояния Хэмминга, имеют различные значения AD(Ti, Tk), позволяющие более точно классифицировать формируемые случайным образом наборы, которые являются кандидатами в тестовые наборы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objectives . The problem of constructing the characteristics of the difference between test sequences is solved. Its relevance for generating controlled random tests and the complexity of finding measures of difference for symbolic tests are substantiated. The limitations of using the Hamming and Damerau – Levenshtein distances to obtain a measure of the difference between test sets are shown.Methods . Based on the characteristic of the interval used in the theory of the chain of successive events, a new measure of the difference between two symbolic test sets is determined. As a difference measure, the distance AD(Ti, Tk) between the test sets Ti and Tk is calculated using the interval characteristic, which is based on determining independent pairs of same (identical) symbols belonging to two sets and calculating the intervals between them.Results. The combinatorial nature of the calculation of the proposed difference measure for symbolic test sets of an arbitrary alphabet and dimension is shown. An example of calculating this measure for various types of test sets, including such as address test sets, is given. Possible modifications are shown and some properties and limitations are determined. The application of the measure of difference is considered for the case of repeated testing of storage devices based on address sequences pA with even p repetition of addresses. For the case p = 2, mathematical relations are given for calculating the intervals and distances AD(Ti, Tk) for address sequences 2A used for controlled random testing of storage devices. The main attention is paid to binary test sets, when the task of calculating given difference metric is reduced to the classical assignment problem using the Hungarian algorithm. The computational complexity of the Hungarian algorithm is estimated by the relation O(n4). As an alternative to the Hungarian algorithm, an algorithm for calculating the considered difference measure is proposed, the complexity of which is much less and has an estimate equal to O(n2). The experimental studies confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.Conclusion. The proposed difference measure extends the possibilities of generating test sequences when generating controlled random tests. It is shown that test sets, which are indistinguishable when Hamming distance is used as a measure of difference, have different values of AD(Ti, Tk) that allows to make more accurate classification of randomly generated sets as candidates for test sets.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>управляемые вероятностные тесты</kwd><kwd>мера различия символьных наборов</kwd><kwd>адресные последовательности</kwd><kwd>задача о назначениях</kwd><kwd>венгерский алгоритм</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>controlled random tests</kwd><kwd>character set difference measure</kwd><kwd>address sequences</kwd><kwd>assignment problem</kwd><kwd>Hungarian algorithm</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы выражают искреннюю благодарность старшему преподавателю кафедры программного обеспечения информационных технологий БГУИР Н. С. Петюкевич за участие в обсуждении результатов статьи, советы и рекомендации.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors express their sincere gratitude to N. S. Petyukevich, Senior Lecturer of the Department of Information Technology Software at BSUIR, for participating in the discussion of the results of the article, advice and recommendations.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">An orchestrated survey on automated software test case generation / S. Anand [et al.] // J. of Systems and Software. – 2014. – Vol. C-39, no. 4. – P. 582–586.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anand S., Burke E. K., Chen T. Y., Clark J., Cohen M. B., …, Zhu H. An orchestrated survey on automated software test case generation. Journal of Systems and Software, 2014, vol. 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