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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">inform</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Информатика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Informatics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-0301</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2617-6963</issn><publisher><publisher-name>UIIP NASB</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37661/1816-0301-2022-19-1-59-71</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">inform-1178</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БИОИНФОРМАТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BIOINFORMATICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Разработка базы данных мотивов регуляции транскрипции у бактерий</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Development of a bacterial regulatory motif database</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0880-4188</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скакун</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Skakun</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Скакун Виктор Васильевич - кандидат физико-математических наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой.</p><p>пр. Независимости, 4, Минск, 220030.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victor V. Skakun - Ph. D. (Phys.-Math.), Associate Professor, Head of Department, Belarusian State University.</p><p>Nezavisimosti av., 4, Minsk, 220030.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">skakun@bsu.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6718-9309</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николайчик</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolaichik</surname><given-names>Y. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Николайчик Евгений Артурович - кандидат биологических наук, доцент.</p><p>пр. Независимости, 4, Минск, 220030.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yevgeny A. Nikolaichik - Ph. D. (Biol.), Associate Professor, Belarusian State University.</p><p>Nezavisimosti av., 4, Minsk, 220030.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikolaichik@bsu.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Белорусский государственный университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belarusian State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>02</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>59</fpage><lpage>71</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Скакун В.В., Николайчик Е.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Скакун В.В., Николайчик Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Skakun V.V., Nikolaichik Y.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://inf.grid.by/jour/article/view/1178">https://inf.grid.by/jour/article/view/1178</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Ц е л и</title><p>Ц е л и. Объемы данных, генерируемые современными методами высокопроизводительного секвенирования, таковы, что их анализ выполняется преимущественно в автоматическом режиме. В частности, использование вновь расшифрованных геномных последовательностей возможно только после аннотации функциональных элементов генома, которая, как правило, выполняется автоматическими конвейерами. Такие конвейеры аннотации успешно справляются с идентификацией генов, но ни один из них не аннотирует регуляторные элементы, без которых нельзя понять, когда и как гены могут экспрессироваться. Информация о регуляторных элементах бактерий собрана в нескольких специализированных базах данных (RegulonDB, CollecTF, Prodoric2 и др.), однако только часть этой информации можно использовать для аннотации регуляторных элементов и только у очень ограниченного круга бактерий. Ранее авторами был предложен четкий формальный критерий для применения регуляторной информации к любым бактериальным геномам. Таким критерием стал CR-тег – последовательность аминокислотных остатков транскрипционного регулятора, специфически контактирующих с азотистыми основаниями регуляторного элемента в геномной ДНК. Связанная с CR-тегом математическая модель регуляторного элемента (мотив) может быть корректно применена для аннотации подобных элементов в любых геномах, кодирующих транскрипционный регулятор с идентичным CR-тегом. Накопление связанных с CR-тегами мотивов поставило вопрос об их упорядоченном хранении для удобства последующего применения при аннотации геномных последовательностей. Поскольку ни одна из известных баз данных не использует концепцию CR-тегов, потребовалась разработка новой базы данных. Таким образом, целью работы является создание базы данных с информацией о бактериальных транскрипционных факторах и распознаваемых ими последовательностях ДНК, пригодной для аннотации регуляторных последовательностей в бактериальных геномах.</p></sec><sec><title>М е то д ы</title><p>М е то д ы .  Инфологическое моделирование предметной области производилось с помощью методологии IDEF1X. Разработка базы данных выполнялась посредством СУБД Microsoft SQL Server. Кроссплатформенное приложение по импорту данных в базу данных написано на языке C++ с использованием технологии Qt.</p></sec><sec><title>Р е з у л ь т а т ы</title><p>Р е з у л ь т а т ы . В результате проведенного исследования предметной области была разработана и реализована в СУБД Microsoft SQL Server реляционная модель данных, позволяющая целостное хранение информации  о  накопленных  мотивах  регуляции  транскрипции  у  бактерий,  включая  и  информацию о публикациях, подтверждающих корректность этих мотивов. Для автоматизации процесса ввода накопленных данных разработано кроссплатформенное приложение для импорта структурированных данных о транскрипционных факторах.</p></sec><sec><title>З а к л ю ч е н и е</title><p>З а к л ю ч е н и е .  Основным отличием разработанной базы данных является использование концепции CR-тега. Записи математических моделей регуляторных элементов (мотивов) в базе данных связаны с CR-тегом и поэтому могут быть корректно применены для аннотации подобных элементов в любых геномах, кодирующих транскрипционный регулятор с идентичным CR-тегом. Разработанная база данных обеспечит структурированное и целостное хранение данных, а также их быстрый поиск при использовании в конвейере автоматической аннотации регуляторных элементов в бактериальных геномных последовательностях.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>O b j e c t i v e s</title><p>O b j e c t i v e s . The amount of data generated by modern methods of high-throughput sequencing is such that their analysis is performed mainly in automatic mode. In particular, the use of newly decoded genomic sequences is possible only after the annotation of functional elements of the genome, which, as a rule, is performed by automatic pipelines. Such annotation pipelines do a good job to identify the genes, but none of them annotate regulatory elements. Without these elements it is not possible to understand when and how genes can be expressed. Information on the regulatory elements of bacteria is collected in several specialized databases (RegulonDB, CollecTF, Prodoric2, etc.), however, only a part of this information can be used for annotation of regulatory elements, and only for a very limited range of bacteria. Previously, we proposed a clear formal criterion for applying regulatory information to any bacterial genome. Such a criterion is the CR tag, a sequence of amino acid residues of a transcriptional regulator that specifically contacts the nitrogenous bases of regulatory element in genomic DNA. The mathematical model of a regulatory element (motif) associated with a CR tag can be correctly applied to annotate similar elements in any genomes encoding a transcriptional regulator with an identical CR tag. The accumulation of motifs associated with CR tags raised the question of their ordered storage for the convenience of subsequent use in the annotation of genomic sequences. Since no one of well-known databases uses the concept of CR tags, a new database ought to be developed. Thus, the goal of this work is to create a database with information about bacterial transcription factors and DNA sequences recognized by them, suitable for annotation of regulatory sequences in bacterial genomes.</p></sec><sec><title>M e t h o d s</title><p>M e t h o d s .  Infological  modeling  of  the  subject  area  was  carried  out  using  the  IDEF1X  methodology. The database was developed using the Microsoft SQL Server DBMS. A cross-platform application for importing data into a database is written in C++ using Qt technology.</p></sec><sec><title>Re s u l t s</title><p>Re s u l t s . As a result of the study of the subject area, a relational data model was developed and implemented in the Microsoft SQL Server DBMS, which allows holistic storage of information about accumulated transcription regulation motifs in bacteria, including information about the publications confirming their correctness. To automate the process of entering accumulated data, a cross-platform application was developed for importing structured data on transcription factors.</p></sec><sec><title>Co n c l u s i o n</title><p>Co n c l u s i o n .  The  main difference of  the  developed database is  the  use  of  CR-tag  concept. Records of mathematical models of regulatory elements (motifs) in the database are associated with a CR tag and, therefore, can be correctly used to annotate similar elements in any genomes encoding a transcriptional regulator with an identical CR tag. The developed database will provide structured and holistic data storage, as well as their quick search when used in the pipeline for automatic annotation of regulatory elements in bacterial genomic sequences.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>регуляция транскрипции</kwd><kwd>регуляторные мотивы</kwd><kwd>последовательности ДНК</kwd><kwd>CR-тег</kwd><kwd>программа SigmoID</kwd><kwd>базы данных</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>regulation of transcription</kwd><kwd>regulatory motifs</kwd><kwd>DNA sequences</kwd><kwd>CR tag</kwd><kwd>SigmoID program</kwd><kwd>databases</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнялась в рамках задания 1.10.5 ГПНИ «Цифровые и космические технологии, безопасность человека, общества и государства» (2021–2025).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the task 1.10.5 of the State Scientific Research Program "Digital and Space Technologies, Human, Society and State Security" (2021–2025).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Hijum, S. 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