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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">inform</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Информатика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Informatics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-0301</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2617-6963</issn><publisher><publisher-name>UIIP NASB</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37661/1816-0301-2021-18-4-96-107</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">inform-1168</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LOGICAL DESIGN</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Распознавание логических вентилей в плоской транзисторной схеме</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Logical gates recognition in a flat transistor circuit</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черемисинов</surname><given-names>Д. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cheremisinov</surname><given-names>D. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Черемисинов Дмитрий Иванович - кандидат технических наук, доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник.</p><p>ул. Сурганова, 6, Минск, 220012.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry I. Cheremisinov - Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Associate Professor, Leading Researcher, The United Institute of Informatics Problems of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus.</p><p>Surganova st., 6, Minsk, 220012.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cher@newman.bas-net.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черемисинова</surname><given-names>Л. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cheremisinova</surname><given-names>L. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Черемисинова Людмила Дмитриевна - доктор технических наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник.</p><p>ул. Сурганова, 6, Минск, 220012.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ljudmila D. Cheremisinova - Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor, Chief Researcher, The United Institute of Informatics Problems of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus.</p><p>Surganova st., 6, Minsk, 220012.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cld@newman.bas-net.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Объединенный институт проблем информатики Национальной академии наук Беларуси</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The United Institute of Informatics Problems of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>96</fpage><lpage>107</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Черемисинов Д.И., Черемисинова Л.Д., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Черемисинов Д.И., Черемисинова Л.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Cheremisinov D.I., Cheremisinova L.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://inf.grid.by/jour/article/view/1168">https://inf.grid.by/jour/article/view/1168</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Ц е л и</title><p>Ц е л и. С ростом трудоемкости верификации и моделирования современных СБИС, содержащих сотни миллионов транзисторов, основными инструментами автоматизированного проектирования и верификации становятся средства извлечения из плоского (неиерархического) описания схем на транзисторном уровне иерархического описания на уровне логических элементов. Средства декомпиляции транзисторных схем не только позволяют существенно снизить время выполнения проверки топологии, но и служат основой для генерации тестовых наборов, логического перепроектирования интегральных схем и обратного инжиниринга для обнаружения несанкционированных вложений.</p><p>Целью работы является решение задачи извлечения структуры функционального уровня из плоской схемы транзисторного уровня путем распознавания в ней подсхем, реализующих логические элементы.</p></sec><sec><title>М е то д ы</title><p>М е то д ы. Предлагаются графовые методы решения некоторых ключевых задач, возникающих на этапе структурного распознавания КМОП-вентилей в транзисторной схеме: разбиение графа на компоненты связности, соответствующие подсхемам из транзисторов; распознавание подсхем, являющихся логическими элементами, и реализуемых ими функций; формирование библиотеки распознанных вентилей и построение двухуровневого описания транзисторной схемы. Исходная плоская и полученная двухуровневая транзисторные схемы представляются в формате SPICE.</p></sec><sec><title>Р е з у л ь т а т ы</title><p>Р е з у л ь т а т ы.  Предложенные методы реализованы на языке C++ как часть программы декомпиляции транзисторных схем для случая, когда искомая библиотека логических элементов заранее неизвестна. Все шаги предлагаемых процедур структурного распознавания КМОП-вентилей в плоской транзисторной схеме выполняются за линейное время от числа транзисторов исходной схемы.</p></sec><sec><title>З а к л ю ч е н и е</title><p>З а к л ю ч е н и е. Программа декомпиляции была протестирована на практических схемах транзисторного уровня. Показано, что она имеет достаточное быстродействие, чтобы обрабатывать схемы более чем со 100 тыс. транзисторов за несколько минут на персональной ЭВМ. В настоящее время авторами разрабатываются методы распознавания в транзисторной схеме более сложных элементов, таких как элементы памяти.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>O b j e c t i v e s</title><p>O b j e c t i v e s. With the increasing complexity of verification and simulation of modern VLSI, containing hundreds of millions of transistors, the means of extracting the hierarchical description at the level of logical elements from</p><p>a flat description of circuits at the transistor level are becoming the main tools for computer-aided design and verification. Decompilation tools for transistor circuits can not only significantly reduce the time to perform VLSI topology check, but also provide the basis for generating test cases, logical reengineering of integrated circuits and reverse engineering to detect untrusted attachments.</p><p>The objective of the work is to solve the problem of extracting the structure of the functional level from a flat circuit of the transistor level by recognizing in it subcircuits that implement logical elements.</p></sec><sec><title>M e t h o d s</title><p>M e t h o d s. Graph based methods are proposed for solving some key problems arising at the stage of structural recognition of CMOS gates in a transistor circuit: partitioning a graph into connectivity components corresponding to transistor subcircuits; recognition of subcircuits that are logical elements, and functions implemented by them; forming a library of recognized gates and constructing two-level transistor circuit. The original flat and resulting two-level transistor circuits are presented in SPICE format.</p></sec><sec><title>Re s u l t s</title><p>Re s u l t s. The proposed methods are implemented in C++ as a part of a transistor circuit decompilation program</p><p>for the case without any predetermined cell library. All steps of the proposed methods of structural CMOS gates recognition are performed in a linear time from the number of transistors in the initial circuit.</p></sec><sec><title>Co n c l u s i o n</title><p>Co n c l u s i o n.  The decompilation program has been tested on practical transistor-level circuits. Experiments indicate that the present tool is fast enough to process circuits with more than a hundred thousand transistors in a few minutes on a personal computer. Currently, the authors are developing methods for recognizing more complex elements in a transistor circuit, such as memory elements.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>экстракция транзисторных подсхем</kwd><kwd>КМОП-схемы</kwd><kwd>верификация</kwd><kwd>перепроектирование СБИС</kwd><kwd>распознавание логических вентилей</kwd><kwd>формат SPICE</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>transistor subcircuit extraction</kwd><kwd>CMOS circuits</kwd><kwd>VLSI layout verification</kwd><kwd>VLSI reengineering</kwd><kwd>logical gates recognition</kwd><kwd>SPICE format</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cheremisinov, D. I. Extracting a logic gate network from a transistor-level CMOS circuit / D. I. Cheremisinov, L. D. 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